How the Sarbanes-Oxley Act has made an impact on business Essay

How the Sarbanes-Oxley Act has had an effect on business - Essay Example r model, the Canada’s long standing standards based stock trade was supplanted with a cross breed rules and standards based corporate administration system that was demonstrated in SOX and directed by security controllers (Sibold, 2009). Generally, as Sibold explains, the demonstration plans to blend the worldwide monetary administration polices by moving these from the pervious guidelines based to standards based administration, where a worldwide stage on budgetary administration can be accomplished. The demonstration to a great extent bases on the executives through ethics and ethics when contrasted with through standards. Nonetheless, Sibold (2009) contends that there are prospects of more officials and editors utilizing the trust and good trust improved by this demonstration to act dishonestly as thought about different past administration through principles. Family possessed ventures as per Sibold depict better execution of family impact that centers the speculations of t he firm, and this decreases the ethical risks because of the minority value petitioners and expanding structure esteems. Subsequently, as a calling in money related administration or some other related field, the demonstration necessitates that ethical standing, excellencies and business morals must be increasingly articulated in a person to maintain a strategic distance from irreconcilable situation in the work environment, where one is enticed to carry on dishonestly. As an expert in budgetary administration, it is important to incorporate both the standard based and standards based methodology in monetary administration to guarantee a more extensive way to deal with the executives issues in accounts and lessen potential instances of untrustworthy practices in overseeing

Online Course Proposal Essay Example

Online Course Proposal Essay Example Online Course Proposal Essay Online Course Proposal Essay Online Course Proposal BY ajones7874 Global Citizenship Across the Curriculum Chapter 1 Draft Andrea Peterson-Jones October 21, 2013 California State University East Bay Background In the not all that far off past, citizenship or civics instruction in the United States grasped an absorption belief system, concentrated on Anglo-protestant congruity viably killing the way of life and dialects of assorted gatherings. During absorption, when individuals from recognizable racial gatherings started to obtained the language and culture of the Anglo standard, they were regularly denied incorporation and ull interest in the network due to their racial qualities. Somewhat English Saxon Protestant custom was for two centuries, and in urgent regards despite everything is, the predominant effect on American culture and society(Schlesinger, 1992, p. 28). This way to deal with urban training made clash, tension, disheartening, and hatred in those compelled to detach from their way of life and conviction frameworks. Today, the term Civics is once in a while utilized, having been supplanted with Global Education or Global Citizenship. In a regularly expanding associated world, teachers are emonstrating a developing enthusiasm for instructing for worldwide citizenship. Due to developing ethnic, social, racial, language and strict assorted variety all through the world, worldwide citizenship training is basic to appropriately get ready understudies to work adequately in the 21st century Global Economy. Residents in this century need the information, perspectives, and abilities required to work in their own social network, yet past social fringes and partitions. As instructors, it turns into our obligation to consolidate understudy techniques for getting these abilities into our regular educational program. As indicated by Cushner and Brennan (2007), social ability is required to be a successful teacher. Instructors who are socially capable, they contend, comprehend social conventions that stretch out past the outskirts of the United States, can convey across societies, and have the aptitude to get ready students for living and working in the worldwide network ( p. 10). We live in one of the universes most assorted nations, and we are encountering a period of emotional change. We should perceive the quick pace of globalization and the expanding rivalry and changing work environment that our Nations graduates will look in their future. Nussbaum, 1997) The wellspring of Americas success has never been just how capably we collect weal tn, out now well we teach our kin . Inls nas never Deen more obvious than it is today. In a 21st-century world where Jobs can be delivered any place theres an Internet association, where a youngster conceived in Dallas is presently contending with a kid in New Delhi, where your best Job capability isn't your main event, however what you know. Training is not, at this point Just a pathway to circumstance and achievement, its an essential for progress. Our youngsters will seek Jobs in a worldwide economy that oo huge numbers of our schools don't set them up for. In a worldwide economy where the most important ability you can sell is your insight, a great instruction is not, at this point Just a pathway to circumstance it is an essential. The world is evolving quickly. American understudies need to move on from school prepared for school, yet internationally able. We should set up the rising age to interface, contend and help out their friends around the globe. This is a solution for monetary decay, since we know the nations that out-encourage us today will out-contend us tomorrow. President Barack Obama, 2010 Needs Statement Americas K-12 instructive framework must alumni understudies who are decidedly ready in writing, arithmetic and science, yet additionally in their insight and comprehension of worldwide issues, unknown dialects and world societies (Lewin Schattle, 2009) . Quick globalization and expanding rivalry in a changing working environment are the real factors graduates will look in their future. As indicated by Altinay and Brookings Institution (2007) understudies in their last long periods of secondary school are not being offered enough open doors in the regular educational program to build up those ard and delicate abilities that they should address the difficulties effectively present on the planet. Americas future monetary quality and national security rely upon its capacity to get ready youngsters to address the difficulties of the twenty-first century and be pioneers in the worldwide society (Olson, Evans, Shoenberg, 2007). The course proposed, Global Citizenship Across the Curriculum, is intended to give instructors from all evaluation levels and trains, pragmatic techniques for the worldwide improvement of their courses (K-12), and assessment systems which guarantee real culturally diverse encounters (Olson, Evans, Shoenberg, 2007). The course content contains open doors for teachers to associate team up with different instructors around the world utilizing different advancements incorporating Skype in the study hall. Members are acquainted with teaching methods that assist understudies with building basic reasoning and critical thinking abilities through collaborations with worldwide issues and the points of view of the individuals encountering them. (Nussbaum, 1997) . At the point when teachers learn best practice procedures to impart initiative abilities in their understudies, they assist them with building roads for reacting to worldwide clash, at the same time building up their cross-ultural competency as 21st Century basic scholars and pioneers. Course members learn approaches to implant their educational program with worldwide task based learning encounters that assist them with building up the worldwide ability they requirement for accomplishment in a worldwide economy. They figure out how to execute understudy driven learning instructional methods and use e-advancements to fabricate valid, refining associations between their understudies and the world (Lewin Schattle, 2009). Worldwide Citizenship Across the Curriculum is conveyed 100% on the web and the web fills in as a crucial learnlng, researcn, ana communlcatlons apparatus Tor teacners ana understudies Ine DeneTlts of separation learning become obvious as course members apply recently learned aptitudes utilizing on the web devices and collective gatherings to go up against and think about an assortment of worldwide issues. Graduates leave the course with an extended information base to effectively draw in understudies and understandable worldwide citizenship and genuine abilities over the educational plan. Key Definitions Assimilation: to cause (an individual or gathering) to turn out to be a piece of an alternate society, nation, and so on. Somewhat English Saxon: an individual whose progenitors were English. Diverse: managing or offering correlation between at least two unique societies or social zones . - Technologies: the utilization of the web in industry, building, and so on , to create helpful things or to take care of issues. Worldwide Citizenship: plans to engage understudies to lead their own activities with the information and qualities that they have picked up from finding out about worldwide issues. Philosophy: an orderly collection of ideas particularly about human life or culture; a way or the substance of thinking trademark about an individual, gathering, or culture; The incorporated declarations, speculations and points that comprise a sociopolitical program. Instructional method: the workmanship, science, or calling of showing youngsters. References Altinay, H. Brookings Institution (2010). The case for worldwide civics. Washington, D. C: Brookings Institution, Global Economy and Development. Lewin, R. Schattle, H. (2009). The handbook of training and research in concentrate abroad: Higher instruction and the mission for worldwide citizenship. New York: Routledge. Nussbaum, M. C. (1997). Developing humankind: A traditional safeguard of change in liberal training. Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press. Olson, C. L. , Evans, R. , Shoenberg, R. E. (2007). At home on the planet: Bridging the hole among internationalization and multicultural training. Washington, DC: America n Council on Education.

E-mail From a Deceased Attorney Richmond Writing

E-mail From a Deceased Attorney Richmond Writing image credit: Sabrina of Introverted Wife Usually, I simply delete scam e-mails without a second thought. This one, however, got me reading. I wonder if Mr. DeSilvas legal fee would be your brain! Ah, what magic a simple apostrophe + s can work on a piece of writing.   It can even bring back the dead. Attn: Dear My name is Barrister Martinez De Silva , My aim of writing to you is to seek your consent and present your humble self as trustee of my deceased client estate and the bank had issued me several notifications on my capacity as the deceased Attorney to provide a legal representative thereof. Moreover, the fact that there is no surviving relative or trustee to inherit the estate of my deceased client   which may spur the bank to classify the estate as unserviceable and legally uncollectible after statutory time limit imposed by the law. If you are interested in my project please contact me immediately so that I can provide you with more details and procedures. Regards Barrister Martinez De Silva. Postscript: The comments are flooding in to this site. All of them are spam linked to products (often pornographic or financial). The best so far, however, is quite innocent in its surrealism: I found your article, Richmond Writing » Blog Archive » blather and beyond, is one of the most interesting articles about face cream. Keep that spam coming! We get great laughs from you spammers!

E-mail From a Deceased Attorney Richmond Writing

E-mail From a Deceased Attorney Richmond Writing image credit: Sabrina of Introverted Wife Usually, I simply delete scam e-mails without a second thought. This one, however, got me reading. I wonder if Mr. DeSilvas legal fee would be your brain! Ah, what magic a simple apostrophe + s can work on a piece of writing.   It can even bring back the dead. Attn: Dear My name is Barrister Martinez De Silva , My aim of writing to you is to seek your consent and present your humble self as trustee of my deceased client estate and the bank had issued me several notifications on my capacity as the deceased Attorney to provide a legal representative thereof. Moreover, the fact that there is no surviving relative or trustee to inherit the estate of my deceased client   which may spur the bank to classify the estate as unserviceable and legally uncollectible after statutory time limit imposed by the law. If you are interested in my project please contact me immediately so that I can provide you with more details and procedures. Regards Barrister Martinez De Silva. Postscript: The comments are flooding in to this site. All of them are spam linked to products (often pornographic or financial). The best so far, however, is quite innocent in its surrealism: I found your article, Richmond Writing » Blog Archive » blather and beyond, is one of the most interesting articles about face cream. Keep that spam coming! We get great laughs from you spammers!

Hiding One s Identity Is Nothing New - 1915 Words

Hiding one’s identity is nothing new. Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay authored The Federalist Papers in 1787 under the pseudonym Publius. The ability to communicate anonymously is viewed as part of our basic right to free speech . With the advent of computers and ease of access to the internet, becoming anonymous as never been easier, and is far more reaching than the colonial newspapers of 1787. For some this ease at which we can communicate anonymously is cause for concern. Although we are no longer hiding our identities to promote the ratification of the Constitution, being anonymous still plays a significant role in our society. Online anonymity grants anyone with an internet connection an unbiased voice, regardless of gender, race, or wealth. Without this freedom to online anonymity, many people would not feel free to express themselves or share sensitive information about themselves. In the case of whistleblowing, anonymity also promotes the release of in formation to help fight government corruption and oppression. Anonymity can also be used as a security measure and prevent unauthorized mining of personal information by not giving access to our real identities. While the ethics behind anonymity can be foggy, multiple ethical frameworks, including duty-based and just-consequentialism, can be used to add clarity to the topic. A duty-based framework stresses the role of duty and respect for persons, including one’s self. While a just-consequentialismShow MoreRelatedHiding One s Identity Is Nothing New1602 Words   |  7 Pages Hiding one’s identity Is nothing new. Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay authored The Federalist Papers in 1787 under pseudonym Publius. The ability to communicate anonymously is viewed as part of our basic right to free speech . With the advent of computers and ease of access to the internet, becoming anonymous as never been easier, and is far more reaching than the colonial newspape rs of 1787. For some this ease at which we can communicate anonymous is cause for concern. AlthoughRead MoreSelf-Discovery in Metamorphosis by Franz Kafka and Equus by Peter Shaffer1340 Words   |  6 PagesThrough the incorporation of figurative language in both Metamorphosis by Franz Kafka and Equus by Peter Shaffer, they set the characters in isolation during the experience of hiding emotions and focusing on other’s needs in order for the undergoing of self-discovery and peace within self. Therefore analyzing the behavior that occurs during the process and the aftermath of their seclusion will determine the success of their accomplishment with the breakthrough of peace. When comparing the two textsRead MoreThe Scarlet Letter, By Nathaniel Hawthorne1127 Words   |  5 PagesIn The Scarlet Letter, by Nathaniel Hawthorne, readers are faced with the obstacles of hiding one’s true intentions. Through the lens of three characters, Dimmesdale the priest, Chillingworth th e medic, and Hester the typical citizen, the audience is able to learn a valuable lesson. No matter how people may present themselves, if they have a duplicitous nature, this behavior will ultimately be exposed. No man or woman is able to hide who they truly are forever, because eventually people will knowRead More The Bell Jar by Sylvia Plath1820 Words   |  7 PagesIdentity is fragile and is a characteristic that every person must discover without hiding behind inexperience’s and excluding themselves from the outside world of reality or else their own personal bell jar will suffocate them alive. The Bell Jar, a semi-autobiographical novel written by Sylvia Plath portrays how a young woman with too many identities and unrealistic expectations overwhelms herself to the point that she contemplates and attempts suicide multiple times. Esther Greenwood, a youngRead MoreEffects of False Appearances Essay1692 Words   |  7 PagesLife of Pi, by Yann Martel, Pi creates a false a ppearance which helps him cope with the tragedy he endures. In One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest, by Ken Kesey, the main characters create false appearances to hide their true intentions. The novels show that false appearances lead to psychological problems. The psychological problems caused by false appearances are regret, loss of identity and lack of self-worth. Regret is a psychological consequence of deception that alters the conduct of the affectedRead MoreReview Of The Handmaid s Tale 884 Words   |  4 Pagesmovie that is a product of that book is always a difficult thing, but with The Handmaid’s Tale the novel and movie were quite similar. Set in the near future, in a totalitarian society post overthrowing of the United States government, The Handmaid s Tale explores the idea that people will endure oppression willingly as long as they receive some slight amount of power or freedom in return. This can be seen prominently in both the film and novel. However, although the overall idea was the same, theRead MoreThe Game Table - Original Writing Essay1286 Words   |  6 Pageswere the ones playing fantasy board games that cost us too much for 6 hours straight. The types of games we played varied from many different genres. From persuasion and finances, to roleplaying and combat, we even dabbled in word games such as scrabble ever y now and again. However, there are a couple favorites we all relish to play. The first, is the one we play every single game night, it is called Sheriff of Nottingham. It is a game about bribery, persuading certain players, and hiding specificRead MoreMy Family Is Game Night Essay1279 Words   |  6 Pageswe were the ones playing fantasy board games that cost us too much for 6 hours straight. The types of games we played varied from many different genres. From persuasion and finances, to roleplaying and combat, we even dabbled in word games such as scrabble every now and again. However, there are a couple favorites we all relish to play. The first, is one we play every single game night, it is called Sheriff of Nottingham. It is a game about bribery, persuading certain players, and hiding specific cardsRead MoreThe Scarlet Letter, By Nathaniel Hawthorne1726 Words   |  7 PagesHester’s righteous battle against the villagers in defending her name does nothing more than dis play her courage and respectability. Throughout the novel, â€Å"The Scarlet Letter,† Nathaniel Hawthorne manages to implement various symbols in order to add meaning and understanding of certain aspects of the novel. In the novel, many symbols, such as the â€Å"Black Man,† are conflicted in the idea of meaning between the Puritans of the society and Hawthorne, but at the same time, some uses of symbolism representRead MoreQueer Identity : Modern Family1460 Words   |  6 PagesRunning Head:QUEER IDENTITY: MODERN FAMILY 2 Today society displays greater diversity within households. Most American households are now non-traditional or unconventional. Non-traditional or unconventional families include; single parenthood, singlehood and LGBT relationships. Modern family is a comedy exploring the different â€Å"modern† families. This show explores a huge unconventional family through a gay couple, made up of Mitchell and Cameron, and their adopted daughter Lily; a straight couple

Literacy between the Past and the Present - 600 Words

Literacy between the Past and the Present Name: Institution: Literacy between the Past and the Present Introduction The nature of literacy learning encompasses instructional techniques and pedagogy of literacy. These applications create a legacy of literacy and technology use in learning. They dominated the 20th century prompting the introduction inter-disciplinary work at the juncture created by scholarly projects and education. Over time the literacy evolved to building communication, impaction of critical thinking, and initiating creativity. The basics of literacy attract diverse educators and scholars from different fields. There is a need to capture the past ideologies that shaped literacy and†¦show more content†¦The strategies aided in educating and learning processes. At this point a literate person was able to apply dominant symbol systems of culture for social, political, aesthetic and personal goals. As a result, the individual earned respect in literacy. Present literacy The present status of literacy represents an age of technology use. The stakeholders’ main concern involves innovation and invention of creativity via the use of internet and digital media. Unlike the past practices that required personal learning of the predecessors, the present literacy allows easy learning and sharing of creativity on a social platform. However, these applications threaten the focus on the more sober topics of the field. The literacy work seems to expand in one direction, that is, towards technological advancements. The diversity of literacy is competing within itself. The schools have a rush to install hardware and software that brings a modern outlook of the field. Cuban argues that this feeling of modernity of embracing technological advancements results in the repetition of ineffective and inefficient cyclical curriculum. For instance, ICT literacy does not only compete with media management but also competes with Media literacy, decisi ve literacy and information literacy. There is erosion of the past emphasis on skills and knowledge; hence, removing the distinction betweenShow MoreRelatedThe Influence of Books on the Past and Present Literacy850 Words   |  3 Pagesreligious books such as the bible on the past and present states of literacy. Past literacy based on religious books shows the origin of the biblical practices of exorcism and the culture of Protestantism in England. It describes the superstitions surrounding the early forms of education and the difficulty they bring as regards the understanding of religious books. The article shows that the understanding of the bible influenced the present state of literacy by introducing prudence and enlightenmentRead MoreLiteracy And Cultural Identity Essay1252 Words   |  6 PagesLiteracy is often described in American society in specific terms which include one’s ability to read and write. In today’s society, literacy begins at a young age at hom e, most parents are reading books to their children. Children’s ideology of reading is projected as good. But do all children have the same privilege? Children of diverse ethnicities in our society are struggling more than others with reading, writing and comprehending. Today’s culture requires a basic level of literacy in orderRead MoreOral Culture Of The Late Middle Ages1468 Words   |  6 Pagesand subsequent widespread literacy signaled the shift away from a primarily oral culture to a literate, print culture. Many scholars, including Plato and Harold Innis, have suggested that the advantages of an oral culture exceed those of a print culture. Even further, the past few decades have seen calls to orality, or propositions that we must return to oral culture to balance print culture. As seen through a lens of the history of print culture, the benefits of literacy and a predominantly printRead MoreThe Scholarship Boy And The Troubling Times1216 Words   |  5 Pages In this paper, I will discover the difference between the two definitions of the scholarship boy and the troubling times Richard Rodriguez faces through his life in trying to balance school and work with his home life. Richard Rodriguez who is the author of the â€Å"Achievement of Desire† told readers both stories and experiences of scholarship boy and himself based off of Richard Hoggart’s the Uses of Literacy. While Rodriguez was writing the â€Å"Achievement of Desire† he went through many differentRead MoreMy Journey to Literacy Essay examples947 Words   |  4 PagesMy first experience to literacy came as a young adult. I have always been reluctant with my education, because of the family problems I experienced growing up. The harsh treatment our family received growing up made it very difficult to study in school, my body was physically in class but my mind was not. The trials and tribulations I went through growing up as a kid continued throughout my teenage years. Dropping out of high school I believe brought upon literacy difficulty. At the age of twenty-threeRead MoreThe Search For Meaning Through Culture1283 Words   |  6 Pagesunderstanding on major works in art, music, and Western literature (James Larner, Marcia Eppich-Harris, Annie Loechle, James Johnston, and Jeffrey Nelson.). Through this first objective the youth will be able to have a deeper understanding on the present as a product of the past. The second objective is to recognize and then be able to describe major cultural and intellectual movements of the periods being covered in humanities. Then to be able to synthesize them with the art, music, and Western literature (JamesRead MoreWhat Every American Should Know By Eric Liu911 Words   |  4 PagesWhat every American should know by Eric Liu thoroughly examines the issue of cultural literacy and its place in modern America. It takes on a convincing argument against E.D. Hirsch’s book on the same whic h included some 5000 things that he thought define cultural literacy and every American should know. Liu argues that America has changed over time, becoming more multicultural, and to capture the cultural literacy of the country, no one person should sit down and come up with what they think everyoneRead MoreEducation, Education And Literacy1421 Words   |  6 PagesEducation and literacy are very important and play many roles in everyday lives. Over many years, education and literacy have been viewed as something to be proud of and something to strive towards, this can be seen back in the mid-20th century, while in more recent times, the views have changed to almost the polar opposite of the original views. Today, they aren’t as cherished or valued as they were back in the day. In the time of Malcolm X, the mid-20th century, education and literacy were valuedRead MoreRelation of Computer Literacy to Students Academic Performance1519 Words   |  7 PagesChapter 1 THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND This chapter presents the problem and its background, the statement of the problem, the assumption, and the definition of terms that will be helpful to the readers. Those who have not taken the time to learn about computers often do not even know what to do once one has been turned on, and this problem should be corrected. That is why all high schools must make a computer literacy course a requirement for graduation. Although a computer course would takeRead MoreUnderstanding Literacy, And Health Literacy1663 Words   |  7 PagesAn understanding of literacy, and health literacy is crucial to understand their impact on client health outcomes. Further, a nurse’s ability to better educate clients lies in his or her understanding of these terms. Literacy is a multilayered, dynamic and complex topic; however, in short literacy is a set of skills including reading, writing oral skills, numeracy skills, and skills that enable us to acquire knowledge and information (Keefe Copeland, 2011). Literacy can be understood through

Unbiased Report Exposes the Unanswered Questions on Research Paper Writing Service

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AISCOf Fortescue Metals Group Ltd Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the AISCOf Fortescue Metals Group Ltd. Answer: Facts of the case The Australian Securities and Investment commission initiated proceedings against Fortescue Metals Group Ltd (Fortescue) along with Andrew Forrest (chairman, CEO and substantial shareholder of Fortescue:Forrest) in the Federal Court of Australia. The case was in relation to the announcement made by the company to the broad market and the media in relation to a number of Framework Agreements between three states owned Chinese corporations and Fortescue[1]. The framework was related to financing and building services which were to be given in relation to Pilbara Iron Ore and Infrastructure Project of Fortescue. There was an allegation by the Australian Securities and Investment commission that Fortecue and Forrest have violated the provisions of the CA in the year 2004 and 2005 by giving information to the ASX in relation to a future mining project in west Australia known as the PIOIP. The project consisted of the development of a mine in the region of Pilbara located in Western Australia. Letter were sent by the defendant during August and November 2004 to the ASX along with media release in relation to such agreements which stated that the defendant had got into a binding contract with China Harbour Engineering Company CHEC, China Metallurgical Construction (Group) Corporation CMCC and China Railway Engineering Corporation CREC to finance transfer and build railway, mine and port in relation to the project. Various other communication s had been made by the defendant which were in relation to the agreements the defendants had with the three companies. According to the announcement each of the framework was treated as a binding agreement between the parties. However upon analysis it was found that the terms contained in the contract were ambiguous and unclear to be made legally binding and be enforced law. The claim made by the Australian corporate regulator AISC was rejected by the trail court as Justice Gilmour allowed an appeal of the decision with respect to the full court of the federal court. The AISC had thus appealed to the full court against the decision of the trial court. After AISC got the desired results from the full court an appeal against the order was made by the defendant to the High court. The AISC had alleged that the company had engaged in an act which accounts to the breach of section 1041H of the Corporation Act 2001 (Cth). The AISC also alleged that the defendant had violated section 674 of the CA in relation to disclosure requirements[2]. In addition it was provided by the AISC that the defendant director did not comply with section 180(1) of the CA as he did not discharge his duties and powers with the proper implementation of skill and diligence. Issue In this case the issue before the court was to determine whether the announcement made by the defendant company to the target audience who were mainly investors accounted to the violation of section 1041H of the CA and accordingly the breach of directors duties under section 180(1) of the CA and section 674 in relation to continuous disclosure obligation of a listed company. The relevant law According to Section 1041H of the CA states that a person is not allowed to indulge in an act which is deceptive or misleading or is likely to mislead or deceive in relation to a financial service or a financial product. The provisions of the section include any act in relation to financial services and products such as providing a financial product which in return provides a security[3]. According to section 674 of the CA the listed entities with the Australian Securities Exchange have an obligation to make disclosure in compliance with the rules provided by the listing and also the entities are obligated through the section to give information to the market operator[4]. In addition it was provided by the AISC that the defendant director did not comply with section 180(1) of the CA as he did not discharge his duties and powers with the proper implementation of skill and diligence. Section 180(1) of the CA provides that a person is obligated to carry on his responsibility towards the company with proper skill and diligence which would have been done by a reasonable director in similar conditions[5]. At commonlaw the first idea is expressed in the tort of deceit and the second in liability for negligent misrepresentation[6] In the case of Krakowski v Eurolynx Properties Ltd it had been ruled by the court that in order to establish a claim for fraud it has to be provided that there was no honest belief in relation to the accuracy of the statement in the same sense through which the representor wanted it to be understood[7]. In the case of Wallingford v Mutual Society[8] it had been provided by the court that in order to mount a case of fraud specific pleading is required along with the element of particularity. In the case of Gould and Birbeck and Bacon v Mount Oxide Mines Ltd (in Liquidation)[9] it had been ruled by the court that no person must be subjected to a detriment without giving him appropriate opportunity with respect to addressing the allegation which have been made against him. In had been provided by the court that even if various number of alternative submissions and arguments are made they are not adequate to aid coherence and comprehension in relation to exposition and analysis. In addition the emphasis on the central issue may be distracted through the use of this approach[10]. Section 180(1) is said to be violated only when an action was against thelaw which a reasonable person would not have done. Bibliography ASIC v Forrest and Fortescue [2012] HCA 39 Corporation Act 2001 (Cth) Krakowski v Eurolynx Properties Ltd (1995) 183 CLR 563 at 578 Derry v Peek (1889) 14 App Cas 337 (https://www5.austlii.edu.au/au/journals/UNDAULawRw/2011/8.pdf)

Individual Policy Manual

The eNotes Blog 7 Wintery Novels To Cozy UpTo

7 Wintery Novels To Cozy UpTo eNoters! We are so close to springtime! Birds, bees, apple trees, and sunscreen. It’s almost in our reach. But when the sun comes back, we lose our (completely viable) excuse to stay in after school/work with our  fuzzy slippers snowflake jammies, bingeing on Netflix or absorbed in a book all night. Let’s be clear: coming from an introvert, I never condemn these practices any time of year. But the other people of the world expect, yah know, some sort of human contact every now and then. *sigh* So, let’s take advantage of the coming months’ gift of socially acceptable pajama-donning YOU time. Here’s some great winter-themed reads to keep you cozied up inside: 1) Walk in the Woods: Rediscovering America on the Appalachian Trail This â€Å"travelouge† from Bill Bryson is a light-hearted, humorous, and endearing tale of a first-hand adventure of the Appalachian Trail. Chock-full of interesting characters and almost a stream of conscious commentary, it will keep you laughing out loud or flipping pages. You’ll either want to get out and hike yourself, or stay in your reading nook. Either way contentment achieved. 2) Frozen: Heart of Dread #1 Not to be confused with the catchy Disney flick, Frozen is the first book in a YA fantastical fiction series is about a mystical, post-apocalyptic world covered in ice (yeesh†¦ I got chills typing that). You’ll follow along with the protagonist, Nat, as she tried to find a non-frozen haven. Therapeutic, right? 3) Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, the Witch, and the Wardrobe Obviously a classic, but the Chronicles of Narnia stand the test of time as a wonderful winter-themed read to take you away on an adventure. Author C.S. Lewis sets the stage for conquering the Ice Queen and restoring peace tranquility (and green things!) to Narnia. I personally keep my copy nearby all winter for a quick escape into the wardrobe of Spare Oom. 4) Game of Thrones series If you haven’t been told by a Stark â€Å"winter is coming† a time or two (or twenty), then you’re missing out. These medieval fantasy masterpieces have it all: romance, deceit, politics, triumph, endless twists, and dragons. Rawr. Pro tip: The audiobooks are a wonderful way to digest the complex characters and plots. Narrated by the legendary Roy Dotrice, they are sure to keep you on your toes (and†¦ ears?) for many, many hours. 5) Life As We Knew It This novel is told through the diary of 16-year old protagonist, Miranda, as a meteor striking the moon causes the world to dive into natural disasters and extreme temperature changes. Life As We Knew It kick starts a best-selling series as Miranda copes with this new, unexpected world. Sip empathetically on your hot chocolate as snowpocalypse, tornadoes, and tsunamis run rampant. 6) The Golden Compass   Another classic, the Golden Compass is a go-to during winter. Lyra is forced to chase after a mysterious â€Å"particle† dust in the Arctic; the dust is rumored to be able to unite the universe. You and Lyra will face shape-shifting soul creatures (Daemons), dimensional worlds, and armored polar bears (of course). 7) Blankets This high-rated graphic novel is a coming of age tale involving first love, budding (and unappreciated) creativity, and loss. The artwork of the graphic novel is as beautiful as the storyline, and might be a good change of pace from traditional novels. It is a monster of a book (clocking in at 600 pages), but that just means the relatable characters and frosty adventure will keep your fuzzy-feelings around that much longer. Lets hear from you: what books help you get through the winter months?

Saudi undergraduates' perceptions about English academic listening Dissertation

Saudi undergraduates' perceptions about English academic listening difficulties and their strategies to cope with these diffic - Dissertation Example For English language schools in Iran however, the skills of listening are not highlighted even with the significant access available in terms of listening materials in classrooms, such as CDs and DVDs. As a result, students believed that their difficulties in understanding what they were listening to did not match their competence. According to Graham (2006) persistent issues in securing listening skills may cause passivity as well as a decreased motivation and decreased involvement in the lessons. In other words, the listening skill is not given enough attention in the classroom and is not given sufficient value in the global setting (Graham, 2006). Two challenges are seen in the listening skill. One challenge refers to the understanding of the skills process itself, and another is on selecting the medium by which the listening strategy can be transmitted in the classroom (Graham, 2006). The latter may inhibit students from improving their listening skills at the lower levels in the classroom setting. Studies on explicit listening instructions seem to be important in terms of the choice of language and in securing listening strategies because the challenge at the lower language levels is to understand the context of teaching the listening strategies. ... Nagle and Sanders (1986) have secured a listening comprehension-processing model indicating how the automatic and controlled processes help listeners secure meaning based on an oral input. Moreover, evidence based on a varied context and input from the Constructivist construction by Vandergrift (1999) suggests how listeners can gain meaning based on oral support. Various studies highlight the types of learning strategies which second language learners apply during listening (Carrier, 2003; Chang and read, 2006). Authors contend that good language learner applications must be used in order to help students who are struggling in their language learning. Hassan and colleagues (2005) carried out a review of ESL studies which highlighted learning strategies from various languages. Most of the studies indicated that learning strategies, include metacognitive (learning awareness), cognitive (mental learning), and socioaffective learning (individual and social interaction behaviour). Hassan, et.al., (2005) identified learning strategies as strategies which learners use often in order to improve their learning. Chang and Read (2007) assessed visual support in the process of foreign language learning processes, evaluating the effect of various kinds of listening support on low level proficiently learners in English learning in Taiwan. Four groups took part in their study with two groups assigned to listening supports and another one focused on pictures or a written background text. A third group was a recipient to listening input repetition and the fourth group was the control group, not having any listening support. A listening proficiency test followed, then a short

The use of strategic operations management & innovation principles in Essay

The use of strategic operations management & innovation principles in Apple inc - Essay Example Furthermore, what Brown and his colleagues try to emphasise from their definition of operations management is that the activities involved in it are actually different forms of operations that take place in the whole operation of the organisation. For instance, marketing activities deal with understanding not just the company or industry but there is a need to substantially consider the entire market. Such leads further to consideration of the price, products, promotion and place. These are not the concerned of the production department but it is there concern to get information from the marketing department in order to come up with products that the market requires. In the same way, product innovations for instance is not the concern of the accounting department but they only coordinate with the marketing department and production department in order to essentially address the need of the operation to substantially flow effectively and efficiently. As it can be observed, the three d epartments involved different nature of operation from the other but when they are combined together as entire activity; there is a definite outcome or one whole flow of activities which defined the organisation’s whole operation. This has to be managed accordingly and such leads to operations management. However, in today’s time when competition is everywhere and becoming fiercely complex, an organisation needs to actually come up with strategy in order to be competitive enough. Thus, here comes the need for strategic operations management. There is a need to use strategy in order to achieve the ultimate goals an organisation has set to be achieved (Brown, Lamming, Bessant, & Jones, 2005). This paper tries to critically review Apple Incorporated on its operation management. Specifically, the proponent tries to include the following. Critical review of the organisation’s Strategic Operations Management activities from manufacturing, service & administrative pers pectives. Critical assessment of the organisation’s global capability & evidence of competitive advantage in their products & services in terms of design, planning, implementation of operations, etc. Critical review of information & their relative value to enhancing competitive advantage. Strategic Operations Management of Apple Incorporated Let us try to take a look at the strategic operations management of Apple Incorporated from manufacturing perspective. Product quality is so far the most obvious reason why until at present, Apple is renowned for its top-priced products for ipods, laptop computers and other line of products. Apple has concisely presented its financial performance and this is properly justified by different factors which of course include manufacturing considerations (Apple Incorporated, 2011). It has substantially stated that there is a wide range of importance that it has to take into account on product innovation strategy while trying to remain its comp etitive advantage on product quality and uniqueness. Furthermore, it has also identified the need to come up with unique products

Active Chemical Ingredients in Topical First Aid Treatments

Active Chemical Ingredients in Topical First Aid Treatments AN INVESTIGATION ON THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE ACTIVE CHEMICAL INGREDIENTS IN TOPICAL FIRST AID TREATMENTS AGAINST STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS. Aim The aim of this investigation is to experimentally determine which first aid product and its active ingredients are most effective against Staphylococcus aureus, and to establish how and why the chemical compounds of the active ingredients in each product affected the results. Introduction The idea for this exploration was developed as a result of an experiment and study that were conducted and taught in my medical microbiology class. The specific lesson that caught my interest was focused on the skin flora as well as infection causing bacteria. This, combined with the lab about the effects of specific antibiotics on bacteria as well as my considerable experience with first aid and disaster response skills led me to think about the importance of antibiotics for medication and treatments. I decided that my investigation would concentrate on topical first aid products against the occasionally pathogenic bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus, a member of the skin flora. My choice to pick a ubiquitous bacterium was because I wanted to focus on the more practical implementations of the investigation and could evaluate for myself which first aid product would be most useful in real world applications. Background    This investigation requires background information about the biochemistry or mechanisms of action in specific compounds and the Kirby-Bauer test. These are described below. Kirby-Bauer Test The Kirby-Bauer test or disk diffusion tests allows for scientists to test the antibiotic sensitivity of bacteria. A disk is impregnated with a substance and placed on a petri dish and a zone of inhibition or inhibition zone appears after days or hours after incubation. The inhibition zone represents the area in which the bacteria has stopped growing or has been killed by the antibiotic. The size of the inhibition zone indicates the effectiveness of the antibiotic (the larger the diameter of the zone of inhibition the more effective the substance is). Mechanism of Action in Compounds This investigation focuses on five specific compounds which are active first aid antiseptic or antibiotic ingredients in the products that will be tested. These compounds are: benzalkonium chloride, triclosan, bacitracin zinc, polymyxin B sulfate, and neomycin sulfate. This information will be sectioned into Part A, B, C, D, and E. Part A: Benzalkonium Chloride Benzalkonium chloride is a member of the quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) which are also known as cationic agents/surfactants. Furthermore, quaternary ammonium compounds have positively charged structures. Thus, the cationic zone of benzalkonium chloride disrupts the intermolecular attractions/electrostatic interactions of the negatively charged cell components, destroys the outer membrane, and ultimately kills the pathogen. Part B: Triclosan Triclosan works to inhibit bacterial growth through its mechanomolecular energy. This mechanomolecular energy is as a result of the ether single-bond rotations on the central oxygen atom. Subsequently, the rapid and fluctuating vibratory movements of the bonds in the molecule disrupt bacterial membranes which easily allow the chemical compound to enter the cells membrane. Once triclosan enters the cell membrane, it binds and blocks the active sites of the enoyl-acyl carrier-protein reductase enzyme (ENR) thus preventing the process of fatty acid synthesis. This fatty acid process is critical for building the pathogens cell membrane and its other vital functions necessary for processes like reproduction. Furthermore, at extremely low concentrations, triclosan can develop into a crystalline form by ring stacking, thus interfering with essential enzymes including the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) coenzyme of bacteria. Figure 1: Figure 1 visualizes the two benzene rings and the central oxygen atom in the Triclosan compound. Part C: Bacitracin Zinc Bacitracin has antimicrobial activity primarily because of its ability to bind to divalent metal ions, in this case the Zn ²Ã‚ Ã‚ º cation, resulting in bacitracin zinc. The Zn ²Ã‚ Ã‚ º ion forms a ternary 1:1:1 antibiotic-metal-lipid complex. This means that the divalent metal ion complex can tightly bind to the lipid C‚†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã¢â‚¬ ¦-isoprenyl pyrophosphate molecules of the cell, acting like a bridge between the pyrophosphate and bacitracin zinc. Once the C‚†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã¢â‚¬ ¦-isoprenyl pyrophosphate has been compromised due to its inability to dephosphorylate or remove its phosphate (PO43ˆ’) through the pyrophosphatase enzyme and hydrolysis process, the pyrophosphate can no longer transport lipids into the cell-wall. Subsequently, this inhibits the process of cell-wall synthesis and results in the weakening of the cell wall and ultimately leads to bacterial death. Part D: Polymyxin B Sulfate The mechanism of action of polymyxin B sulfate is similar to that of benzalkonium chloride, in that it is also classified as a cationic surfactant. Therefore, like benzalkonium chloride, polymyxin B sulfate alters the external membrane of bacterial cells. Additionally, because of its positively charged amino group in the cyclic peptide region in the compound, it has an electrostatic attraction for the negatively charged lipopolysaccharide layer of bacterial cells and binds to these specific sites. Once these sites have been compromised, the outer membrane of the bacterial cell becomes destabilized and weakened. Figure 2: Figure 2 visualizes the amino group and cyclic peptide region of polymyxin B sulfate which is the primary mechanism of antimicrobial action within the compound. Part E: Neomycin Sulfate Neomycin sulfate is classified as an aminoglycoside antibiotic which means it has an amino group (-NH‚‚) attached to derivatives of sugar called glycosides. Aminoglycosides are highly positive in charge due to the presence of amino groups and have a high electrostatic attraction for the negatively charged outer surface of bacteria. This electrostatic interaction disrupts the membrane of the bacteria due to the displacement of Mg ²Ã‚ Ã‚ º and Ca ²Ã‚ Ã‚ º bridges and creates temporary openings in the bacterial cell membrane. Subsequently, this process causes intracellular content leakage and further increases the antibiotic intake in the bacteria. Additionally, rRNA molecules of bacteria are highly negative in charge because of the presence of phosphate groups. This negative charge has an electrostatic attraction with the positively charged antibiotic and allows the aminoglycoside to easily bind to the rRNA of the bacteria and thereafter inhibits the process of protei n synthesis leading to bacterial cell death. Prediction The initial prediction is that NEOSPORIN ® Original Ointment will be the most effective compared to Bactine Spray and CVS Health Instant First Aid Spray because it is a triple antibiotic and has a greater variety of active ingredients that can kill bacteria. Experimental Procedure and Methodology Variables The independent variables for this experiment are the different first aid products because each product should influence the dependent variable (diameter of inhibition zone). The dependent variable is the size of the inhibition zones because the length depends on what first aid product is used. The controls of the investigation are the incubation time, petri dish, Staphylococcus aureus, method of inoculation, the incubator, and the amount of each drug because they are variables that are kept constant throughout each trial and for each product tested. It is important to maintain the controls throughout all trials so that measurements can be as consistent as possible. Safety and Environmental Ethics It is important to keep in mind the risks and safety precautions before attempting this experiment. These risks include residual bacterial contamination on the skin and burning. It is highly advised to wear gloves or rubber insulator gloves when needed and to wash hands frequently throughout the experiment. Additionally, an environmental ethical consideration must be taken in account because experimenting with antibacterial products can contribute to antibacterial resistance. However, the effects would be negligible due to the small scale size of the experiment. Materials 125 ml of Agar Absorbent bibulous paper Hole puncher Sharpie Ruler (with millimeters) Gloves 12 Petri dishes Incubator @34  °C; set at 4.5 12 strips of Parafilm Forceps Tweezers Large beaker Hot plate Rubber insulator gloves Bunsen burner Strikers Inoculating loop Staphylococcus aureus NEOSPORIN ® Original Ointment Bactine Spray CVS Health Instant First Aid Spray Procedure Heat up 125 ml of agar in a beaker filled with water on a hotplate and wait until the agar is clear all the way through. Use forceps and rubber insulator gloves to remove the agar out of the beaker. Pour about the same amount of agar in each petri dish and wait until the agar sets (5-10 minutes). Use isolated Staphylococcus aureus and a heated and then cooled inoculating loop to carefully swab the culture into the 12 petri dishes. Make sure to go in a zigzag motion and cover all areas. Label each petri dish #1-#3: NEOSPORIN ® Original Ointment #4-#6: Bactine Spray #7-#9: CVS Health Instant First Aid Spray #10-#12: Control Punch at least 12 holes into absorbent bibulous paper. Soak the disks with each of the drug solutions. Use tweezers that have been heated up and cooled down with water to minimize bacterial contamination. Additionally, each time a different product is being impregnated into the disks, reheat and cool the tweezers to minimize cross-product contamination. Place three disks containing NEOSPORIN ® Original Ointment in petri dishes #1, #2, and #3. Place three disks containing Bactine Spray in petri dishes #4, #5, #6. Place three disks containing CVS Health Instant First Aid Spray in petri dishes #7, #8, #9. Leave the remaining three petri dishes with no disks in order to show that the petri dishes have pure cultures of Staphylococcus aureus. Use parafilm to seal all the petri dishes. Flip over all petri dishes and place in incubator at 34  °C on the 4.5 setting (the optimal temperature and conditions for bacterial growth) Measure the diameter of the inhibition zones (including the disk) 48 hours post inoculation with a ruler (in mm) and record data. Repeat all steps for Trial 2 and Trial 3 making sure all conditions are maintained. Results Product Name Table 1: Recorded Length of Inhibition Zones on Staphylococcus aureusà ¡Ã‚ µÃ†â€™ Trial 1  ± 0.5 mm Trial 2  ± 0.5 mm Trial 3  ± 0.5 mm Mean  ± 0.5 mmà ¡Ã‚ µÃ¢â‚¬ ¡ NEOSPORIN ® Original Ointment 14.0 17.0 16.0 15.4 14.0 16.0 18.0 12.0 16.0 16.0 Bactine Spray 12.0 16.0 18.0 16.3 16.0 17.0 18.0 16.0 14.0 20.0 CVS Health Instant First Aid Spray 7.0 0.0 8.0 5.2 0.0 8.0 8.0 0.0 7.0 9.0 a- Diameter of zone of inhibition (mm) including disk diameter of 6mm b- Average diameter of inhibition zone after 3 trials for each product *The values that were found to have 0.0mm were petri dishes that had no zone of inhibition *Controls were not included as they only served to show that the petri dishes had pure samples of Staphylococcus aureus and are irrelevant to be included in the processed data Conclusion and Evaluation The objective of the experiment was to investigate the effectiveness of the active chemical ingredients in topical first aid treatments against Staphylococcus aureus. The initial aims of the investigation have been reached. The results of the experiment have suggested that Bactine Spray is the most effective against Staphylococcus aureus followed by NEOSPORIN ® Original Ointment then CVS Health Instant First Aid Spray. Thus, the initial prediction was incorrect. Bactine Spray contained 0.13% of benzalkonium chloride and in this investigation had an average length of 16.3 mm for its zone of inhibition (Table 1). According to a study done by Ali Fazlara (a member of the Department of Food Hygiene at Shahid Chamran University) and Maryam Ekhtelat (a researcher at Shahid Chamran University in the Department of Microbiology) found that because Staphylococcus aureus has a highly negative charge on its cell wall due to its slight anionic teichoic acids and peptidoglycan molecules, it allows for the cationic benzalkonium chloride to bind easily to specficically Staphylococcus aureus cell wall and thus block the active sites for essential enzymes to undergo their normal biochemical reactions for the bacterial cell. Therefore, benzalkonium chloride should theoretically be highly effective against Staphylococcus aureus. The data collected seems to support this and underpins the known fact that benzalkonium chloride is bacteriostatic (a chemical agent t hat stops bacteria from reproducing) at low concentrations. The investigation also suggests that NEOSPORIN ® Original Ointment was the second most effective against Staphylococcus aureus compared with the Bactine Spray and CVS Health Instant First Aid Spray. The active ingredients within this first aid product are bacitracin zinc (400 units), neomycin sulfate (3.5mg), and polymyxin B sulfate (5,000 units). NEOSPORIN ® Original Ointment resulted in an average zone of inhibition diameter of 15.4 mm, as shown in Table 1. The possible reason for why NEOSPORIN ® Original Ointment was not as effective against Staphylococcus aureus in this investigation is because of antibacterial resistance to some or all of the active ingredients by the bacteria. Studies have proposed that the isolate primarily found in the United States called USA300 methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), has been increasingly discovered to have been resistant to neomycin sulfate, bacitracin zinc, and polymyxin B sulfate. In this investigation, it can be suggested that CVS Health Instant First Aid Spray, with a concentration of 0.13% of triclosan was the least effective against Staphylococcus aureus. It resulted in an average zone of inhibition diameter of 5.2 mm according to Table 1. A possible conclusion that can be reached based on the results is the increasingly proven theory that Staphylococcus aureus has a progressively high antimicrobial resistance to triclosan. This is due in part because triclosan was the most common active ingredient in over the counter (OTC) products, which contributed greatly to Staphylococcus aureus antimicrobial resistance. As a matter of fact, the FDA banned triclosan on consumer antibacterial wash products because of the health related risks from bacterial resistance. However, some products still use triclosan because it banned to be used in soaps. These conclusions are incomplete and require improvements in order to thoroughly and further confirm the results and achieve consistent values. The addition of more trials would further eliminate any systematic errors that may have occurred such as error when impregnating disks with the products or cross-product contamination. Any instances of random error can be best alleviated by the use of a Vernier calliper (a measuring instrument that is used for measuring diameters) instead of a ruler. The use of a calliper to measure would contribute to higher precision and less measurement uncertainty. Extending the investigation to other normal bacterial skin flora would be interesting to see the extent of the effectiveness of Bactine Spray, NEOSPORIN ® Original Ointment, and CVS Health Instant First Aid Spray on different bacteria. Works Cited   Ã‚   Chittapragada, Maruthi, and Sarah Roberts. Aminoglycosides: Molecular Insights on the Recognition of RNA and Aminoglycoside Mimics. Perspectives in Medicinal Chemistry, 2009. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2754922/. Accessed 15 Feb. 2017. Economou, Nicoleta J., et al. High-resolution crystal structure reveals molecular details of target recognition by bacitracin. 2013. www.pnas.org/content/110/35/14207.full.pdf. Accessed 13 Feb. 2017. Fazlara, Ali, and Maryam Ekhtelat. The Disinfectant Effects of Benzalkonium Chloride on Some Important Foodborne Pathogens. IDOSI, 2012. www.idosi.org/aejaes/jaes12(1)12/4.pdf. Accessed 16 Feb. 2017. Federal Drug Administration. FDA Issues Final Rule on Safety and Effectiveness of Antibacterial Soaps. U S Food and Drug Administration Home Page, 2 Sept. 2016, www.fda.gov/NewsEvents/Newsroom/PressAnnouncements/ucm517478.htm. Accessed 16 Feb. 2017. Kaya, Deniz. Quarternary Ammonium Compounds. 21 Jan. 2010, Accessed 9 Feb. 2017. Kling, Jim. Antibiotic Ointments May Fuel Resistance and Spread of MRSA. Medscape, 14 Sept. 2011, www.medscape.com/viewarticle/749666. Accessed 16 Feb. 2017. Maxka, Jim. Organic Chemistry Interactive Notes. Organic Chemistry, North Arizona University. Arizona. Reading. McDonnell, Gerald, and A. D. Russell. Antiseptics and Disinfectants: Activity, Action, and Resistance. Clinical Microbiology Reviews, 1999. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC88911/. Accessed 9 Feb. 2017. Petersen, Richard C. Triclosan Antimicrobial Polymers. HHS Public Access, 2016. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4893770/. Accessed 12 Feb. 2017. . Triclosan Computational Conformational Chemistry Analysis ForAntimicrobial Properties in Polymers. HHS Public Access, 2015. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4394635/. Accessed 12 Feb. 2017. Polymxyin B Sulfate. Digital Photograph. Accessed 13 Feb. 2017. Pub Chem. Aerosporin | C56H100N16O17S PubChem. The PubChem Project, pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Polymyxin_B_sulfate#section=Related-Compounds. Accessed 13 Feb. 2017. Ramin Khajavi, Morteza Sattari and Ali Ashjaran, 2007. The Antimicrobial Effect of Benzalkonium Chloride on Some Pathogenic Microbes Observed on Fibers of Acrylic Carpet. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences, 10: 598-601. Stone, K. J., and Jack L. Strominger. Mechanism of Action of Bacitracin: Complexation with Metal Ion and C55-Isoprenyl Pyrophosphate. 1971. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC389626/pdf/pnas00087-0326.pdf. Accessed 12 Feb. 2017. Tay, William M., et al. 1H NMR, Mechanism, and Mononuclear Oxidative Activity ofthe Antibiotic Metallopeptide Bacitracin: The Role of D-Glu-4,Interaction with Pyrophosphate Moiety, DNA Binding andCleavage, and Bioactivity. JACS Articles, 2010. Accessed 13 Feb. 2017. Unblok Bio Solutions. Ammonium. Unblok Bio-Fix, unblok.co/ammonium/. Accessed 9 Feb. 2017.

Obsession in Araby of James Joyces Dubliners Essay -- Joyce Dubliner

Obsession in Araby    In James Joyce’s short story "Araby," the main character is a young boy who confuses obsession with love. This boy thinks he is in love with a young girl, but all of his thoughts, ideas, and actions show that he is merely obsessed. Throughout this short story, there are many examples that show the boy’s obsession for the girl. There is also evidence that shows the boy does not really understand love or all of the feelings that go along with it. When the boy first describes the girl, you can see his obsession for her. He seems to notice every detail such as "her dress swung as she moved her body and the soft rope of her hair tossed from side to side" (Joyce 548). You do not usually remember every minute detail of someone unless you are very intrigued by them. Also, note the way he describes her hair as "soft rope." This shows the intricate way the boy views her. Another way you can see the young boy’s obsession for the girl is through his actions. Every morning, he waits for the girl to appear, and then he follows her. The way in which the boy waits for the girl definitely shows that he is obsessed with her. The young boy lies "on the floor in the front parlour watching her. The blind was pulled down to within an inch of the sash so that [he] could not be seen" (Joyce 548). This sounds like spying, and spying on someone usually indicates that you have a fixation with that person. In this case, the young boy does demonstrate this fixation. For instance, while the young boy is following her, this is the way he describes his adventure: "I kept her brown figure always in my eye, and when we came near the point at which our ways diverged, I quickened my pace and passed her. This happened morning ... ...ights go out, and he is in the dark. As he stands there in the darkness, he sees himself "as a creature driven and derided by vanity; and [his] eyes burn with anguish and anger" (Joyce 551). I think this is when the young boy realizes that his whole trip to Araby was foolish because a gift from the bazaar is not going to make the young girl love him. The young boy finally realizes that everything he has done has been driven by some foolish notion that he thinks is love, but now he knows it is just a pathetic obsession for the young girl. The young boy’s eyes are burning because he feels so foolish about everything he has done supposedly for love, when he finally realizes all of his thoughts, actions, and ideas were just an obsession. Works Cited Joyce, James. "Araby." The Harper Anthology of Fiction. Ed Sylvan Barnet. New York: HarperCollins, 1986.      

“Kindred” by Octavia Butler -Analysis Essay

There are various connections that can be made between the characters within the novel â€Å"Kindred† written by Octavia Butler. The majority of these connections relate to four of the course themes we’ve visited in past few weeks: double consciousness, collective trauma, diaspora, and power relationships. The protagonist, Dana Franklin, traveled between the past and present and in her travels she met a variety of different people, including the enslaved African Americans and their White owners of the 19th century, as well as her ancestors, one in particular is the cause of her time travel. Alice Greenwood and Rufus Weylin both had a peculiar relationship with Dana, as well as with each other. The ties that Dana shared with Alice exemplified the themes of double consciousness and collective trauma, and the ties shared between Dana and Rufus demonstrated the themes of diaspora and power relationships. Alice and Dana had a sisterly relationship, as some of the other characters had commented, Sarah once told Dana after Alice’s passing, â€Å"You and her was like sisters†¦ You sure fought like sisters, always fussin’ at each other, stompin’ away from each other, comin’ back.† Although a brief description, this is a very accurate summary of their relationship. Their double consciousness was first realized when Rufus had pointed out that they were both â€Å"one and the same†, this meaning that they were two halves of the same person. Not only did they look alike, but the line between their roles in the Weylin household were heavily blurred. Alice was the â€Å"love† interest of Rufus while she was alive, although her only use to him was to either sexually abuse her or use her as his personal punching bag. She had once told Dana that whenever she’s around, the mental and physical abuse isn’t as bad as it regularly is. On the other hand, Dana has an immense amount of freedom in comparison to Alice, even to the other slaves. Due to the unspoken set of rules that Dana and Rufus share, he doesn’t try to pursue any sexual relationship with her until the end of the book. As Dana had once said, â€Å"I could accept him as my ancestor, younger brother, friend, but not as my master, and not as my lover.† Alice is openly  spiteful towards Dana because of this, but it is also obvious that the reason why she always comes back to Dana is because, like a sibling, she is used as an outlet for her pain, fear, and hate, and knowing that she could have done more to lesson Alice’s suffering, Dana allows puts her feelings aside and accepts the onslaught of abuse. Both of their relationships with Rufus also lead to their collective trauma as they are both abused by him, and, in different ways, he takes something from them that leave them unwhole. For Alice, he not only rips her freedom from out under her, but he also â€Å"sells† their children, which were the only reasons that she had stayed on the plantation for so long. For Dana, he too took her freedom and the power that she once held over him had vanished completely, but it’s possible that he is also the reason that she there was a short stump in the place of her arm. The relationship that was shared between Dana and Rufus was the most complex relationship of them all. A list of unspoken rules shared between the two had been the foundation of their relationship, as they had both known that one could not live without the other, that if either one of them died, the other is just as good as dead as well. Ever since Dana had first saved Rufus from drowning in the river, she had attempted to instill some morals into the young boy in hopes that he wouldn’t be as corrupt as his father or the other slave owners, as she knew that that was what he would soon become. Although, with each time that she returns to save the boy’s life, he grows older, and he becomes more mature as well as stubborn, not as easily goaded into doing nice things for the slaves, like setting most of them free, or not selling any of them as his father does. Eventually, the reigns of power are no longer held by Dana, and the influence of the 19th century has finally rubbe d off on Rufus for the worse. No longer small and feeble, Rufus has Dana sent to work in the fields, has her whipped, hits her multiple times, and eventually held the barrel of a rifle to her head, though the line is completely crossed when Rufus tries to have sex with Dana, which she responds to with the thrust of a sharp blade in his side. Twice. The scale of power begins tipped towards Dana, then towards Rufus, then for another brief moment back to Dana. Their relationship is also, in a way, diasporic, as Dana is constantly out of  place in the 19th century throughout the entire book. She brings back with her the knowledge of the future, though sparse, as well as new medicines, devices, and ideas, though because of her skin color she is seen as no more than either a â€Å"smart nigger† to the white folks and a â€Å"white nigger† to the blacks; nothing more than a nigger. Even though she wasn’t accepted by most of the other slaves and the whites who held power over her, Rufus, still needed her in many different ways and was very clingy at times, even as he gave his last long and shuddering sigh, he simply could not let go of Dana, both literally and physically, as his hand still grasped her arm in the afterlife. When Dana arrives from the past for the last time, she discovers -excruciatingly painfully- that her arm had somehow meshed and conjoined with the wall of her living room. The exact spot where Rufus had held her in his final moments marked the loss of her arm, â€Å"from the elbow to the ends of the fingers,† It is unknown whether or not Dana’s arm is left in the past, still held between the cold fingers of the dead, as Rufus’ body was believed to be burned to ashes and never found, along with the Weylin estate. Dana’s graphic physical loss shows what slavery truly is outside of popular novels, history books, and dramatized television where the actors practice the pain and suffering that their ancestors dealt with. The loss of her arm shows many different things, like how even though African Americans today have been removed from slavery over time, who they are today was planted and rooted in the past. Also, slaves had constantly suffered from both emotion al and physical abuse at the hands of their owners, yet they were extremely dependent of their owners. Dana is subjected to horrific pain at the hand of Rufus, yet she still feels pity for him when he comes crawling back to her, as he is both her master and her kin-dred, so she alternates between despising him and feeling empathetic towards him. Lastly, Dana’s severed arm is a horrible loss, and it is meant to capture the horror of slavery. It is also significant that she suffers her injury because Rufus hangs on to her. Like Rufus holding onto Dana, the past has a â€Å"hold† on the present, the sacrifices of the past shape the present today. Dana loses an arm which is an important body part, especially for a writer, although she escapes with her life. The slaves of the past had sacrificed skin, bone, and sanity, yet  a lot of them escaped, albeit scarred. Dana’s horrific injury makes all of the sacrifices slaves made painfully real in order to make lives better for generations to come. Part of her lies in the past, and so does part of todays’ generation. In conclusion, the strange relationships that Dana had formed with her ancestors, Alice and Rufus, had in some ways, led to the loss of her arm. Her entire existence was dependent on the two of them having her great grandmother Hagar, and although Alice may have survived without Dana’s influence, Rufus was definitely dependent on Dana as well. Octavia Butler had wanted readers to take with them the reality of how we ar e still deeply rooted within slavery and it still has an affect on us today, even though it had ended over 140 years ago. As Dana had witnessed first hand, slavery has never been a free occurrence, anyone who was apart of it in any way never came out of it as they once were before; they never escaped slavery whole again, but as less of the person than they were before.

The Debate On The Existence Of God - 2437 Words

We live in a world were the idea of a great and powerful God is highly controversial, there is wide scale of opinions as to whether or not God exist. The reasons behind those controversies are numerous, a few of those reasons are: †¢ That people from different religions all argue that their God is better then any other, thus creating numerous ruptures within churches †¢ That certain people rather believe in numerous Gods and worship them all. †¢ That some people would rather believe in reason and science those people often call themselves atheists. I believe in the existence of God but I will discuss arguments that express both the existence of God and none existence of God in order to prove that God really does exist. By visiting and†¦show more content†¦Classical theism philosophers Anselm and Descartes have two similar formulations that created the Anselmian-Cartesian point which is: â€Å"Ordinary things may of course be conceived without conceiving them as existing, but it is because the existence of their natures is contingent, not necessary [†¦] this contingency as a mode of relationship to existence is itself necessary, inherent in the natures, such as entities that if not in this world, then in some other world it’s at least possible.† (Hartshorne, Rees 97). Descartes and Anselm also contributed to the ontological argument where Descartes argument that attempted to prove that God is the cause of our clear and distinct perception, He is perfect in everyway, He does not deceive and His idea i s innate. Anselm’s argument appears to be an a priori proof of Gods existence. It is based on experience and concept. He believes that God is an unsurpassable being; a being that cannot be improved upon. Descartes asked a critical question â€Å"How do I know that I have a genuine idea of perfection rather than a confused or self-contradictory pseudo-idea?† (Hartshorme, Rees 134-135) Descartes attempted to explain this question that God exist in our understanding, the concept of God being an idea in our mind, he also says that God is a possible being and exist in reality. God cannot only exist in our understanding. So therefore, these ontological arguments make it clear that when we can comprehend the existence of God, it will be